Chemical Contamination Sensor for Phosphate Ester Hydraulic Fluids

The Use of a Hydraulic Purifier for Conditioning of Phosphate Ester Hydraulic Fluids

An improved procedure for controlling the acidity ofphosphate esters is described. In the presence of water phosphate esters undergo hydrolysis which increases the acidity of the jluid and eventually lea& to fluid degradation. Currently this problem is addressed through the use of acid adsorbing andor neutralizing agents such as Fuller's earth or activated alumina. Bese agents neutralize the ac...

Complex Fluids and Hydraulic Fracturing.

Nearly 70 years old, hydraulic fracturing is a core technique for stimulating hydrocarbon production in a majority of oil and gas reservoirs. Complex fluids are implemented in nearly every step of the fracturing process, most significantly to generate and sustain fractures and transport and distribute proppant particles during and following fluid injection. An extremely wide range of complex fl...

Flammability Properties of Hydraulic Fluids

Hydraulic jumps at boundaries in rotating fluids

We consider three-dimensional hydraulic jumps (shocks) propagating along boundaries in rotating fluids. This study is motivated by earlier work (Fedorov & Melville 1995), which dealt with the evolution to breaking of nonlinear Kelvin waves. We obtain the jump relations and derive an evolution equation for the jump as it propagates along the boundary. It is shown that after some initial adjustme...

Phosphate contamination of commercial heparin.

Heparin is widely used as an anticoagulant in biochemical laboratories. Hawk, Oser, and Summerson (1947) state that heparin is an excellent anticoagulant, as it does not alter the distribution of diffusible substances between cells and plasma. Jorpes (1946) states that heparin neither influences the volume of the blood corpuscles nor interferes with the chemical analysis. In the course of routi...